{
 "viewingDirection": "left-to-right",
 "metadata": [
  {
   "label": "Origin Place",
   "value": "Nepāl."
  },
  {
   "label": "Provenance",
   "value": "Presented by Mrs. E.K. Waterhouse in 1957."
  },
  {
   "label": "Extent",
   "value": "122 ff. (2 flyleaves+112 numbered folios+8 flyleaves)."
  },
  {
   "label": "Funding",
   "value": "AHRC"
  },
  {
   "label": "Date of Creation",
   "value": "17th-18th century."
  },
  {
   "label": "Classmark",
   "value": "MS Or.1810"
  },
  {
   "label": "Donor(s)",
   "value": "Waterhouse, E. K."
  },
  {
   "label": "Additions",
   "value": "<div style='list-style-type: disc;'><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Some marginal corrections.<\/div><\/div>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Subject(s)",
   "value": "Manuscripts, Sanskrit; Bauddha; Bauddha Tantra; Dhāraṇī"
  },
  {
   "label": "Format",
   "value": "Pothī"
  },
  {
   "label": "Data Source(s)",
   "value": "Direct inspection."
  },
  {
   "label": "Language(s)",
   "value": "Sanskrit."
  },
  {
   "label": "Author(s)",
   "value": "\u200fUnknown"
  },
  {
   "label": "Binding",
   "value": "<p>Wood cover, original binding.<\/p>Two string holes.Both inner covers bear polichrome miniatures. <ul><li> On the <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>inner side of the back cover<\/a> (which was originally the front cover), representations of the five Buddhas of directions (Ratnasambhava in yellow; Akṣobhya in blue; Vairocana in white; Amitābha in red; Amoghasiddhi in green). <\/li><li> On the <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>inner side of the front cover<\/a> (which was originally the back cover), representations of the five goddesses invoked for protection in the text, with colours matching the five Buddhas of directions. <\/li><\/ul>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Condition",
   "value": "Complete, in poor condition. Often frayed on the margins. The text is sometimes smudged and illegible, especially in the last folios. In some folios the layers of paper are falling off."
  },
  {
   "label": "Script",
   "value": "<div style='list-style-type: disc;'><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Rañjanā in golden ink.<\/div><\/div>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Excerpts",
   "value": "<div><b>Rubric:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[1v1]<\/a><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-1-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i> bhagavatyai āryamahāpratisarāyai ||<\/div><div><b>Incipit:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[1v1]<\/a> evam mayā śrutam ekasmin samaye bhagavān mahāvajrameruśikharakūṭāgāre viharati sma || mahāvajrasa<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'>mā<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>dhibhūmi<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'>pratiṣṭhā<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>ne | ma[1v2]<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-1-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>vajrakalpasamalaṃkṛte | <\/div><div><b>Final Rubric, section:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[29v1]<\/a> || ❈ || mahāpratisarāyā mahāvi[29v2]dyārajñī vidhānakalpo vidyādharasya samāptam iti || ❈ ||<\/div><div><b>Final Rubric, section:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[61v6]<\/a> ||   || āryamahāsāhasrapramardanī nāma mahāyānasūtraṃ samā<a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[62r1]<\/a>ptam iti|| ❈ ||<\/div><div><b>Final Rubric, section:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[103v3]<\/a> || ◎ || āryamahāmāyūrīvidyārajñī avi[103v4]naṣṭā yakṣamukhāt pratilabdhā samā<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>〚<\/i><i class='del' style='font-style:normal; text-decoration:line-through;' title='This text deleted'>-1-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>〛<\/i>ptā bhaga¦◎vatī || ❈ ||<\/div><div><b>Final Rubric, section:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[106v2]<\/a> āryamahāśītavatī nāma mahāvidyārājñi samāptā ḥ ||   ||<\/div><div><b>Explicit:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[111r1]<\/a> || <i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-8-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>[111r2]gatāni <i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'>sthi<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>tāni bhūmāv athavāntarīkṣe | kurva<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'>ntu<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i> maitrīṃ satatam prajāsu divā ca rātrau ca carantu <i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'>dha<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>rmaṃ || ❈ || <i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-3-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>tra buddhā<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-10-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>[111r3]vena mahātā iti vyupaśānteti || ❈ || <\/div><div><b>Final Rubric:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[111r3]<\/a> || ❈<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-1-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>◎ || mahārakṣāmahāmantrānusāraṇīmahāvidyā<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'>rā◎jñī<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i> samāpteti || ❈ || <\/div><div><b>Colophon:<\/b> <a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[111r3]<\/a> ye dharmā he[113r4]tuprabhavā hetu teṣān tathāgato || ❈<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-1-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>◎ || hy avadat teṣāñ ca yo nirodha evamvādī mahāśramaṇa<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-1-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i>◎|| deyadharmo || ❈ || yam pravaca ma[113r5]<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'>hāyānayāyinyāḥ paramopaśakaśīka||<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='damage' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text damaged in source'>-1-<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'>mahānagare<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'><i>half a line<\/i><\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i> [113r6]<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'><i>half a line<\/i><\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i> sakala<i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'><i>half a line<\/i><\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i><a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[111v1]<\/a><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'><i>the whole page<\/i><\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i><a href='' onclick='store.loadPage(1);return false;'>[112r1]<\/a><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>[<\/i><i class='unclear' style='font-style:normal;' title='This text imperfectly legible in source'><i>two lines<\/i><\/i><i class='delim' style='font-style:normal; color:red'>]<\/i><\/div>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Physical Location",
   "value": "Cambridge University Library"
  },
  {
   "label": "Abstract",
   "value": "<p style='text-align: justify;'> The <i>Pañcarakṣā<\/i> \"Five Protections\" consists of the <i>Mahāpratisarā<\/i>, <i>Mahāmāyūrī<\/i>, <i>Mahāsāhasrapramardanī<\/i>, <i>Mahāmantrānusāriṇī<\/i>, and <i>Mahāśītavatī<\/i>. The earliest evidence for texts grouped together as the \"Five Great Dhāraṇīs\" comes from Tibetan catalogues around 800 CE, but this compendium is somewhat different from the surviving Sanskrit collection, which is preserved in manuscripts dating back to the eleventh century. These scriptures include spells, enumerations of benefits and ritual instructions for use. With the course of time all of them became deified and five related goddesses emerged. It is, however, important to note that the texts themselves do not have any references to these goddesses. This manuscript in black paper (<i>nīlapatra<\/i>), to be dated to the 17th or 18th century, bears illuminated wood covers with representations of the five goddesses and the five Buddhas. <\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Title",
   "value": "Pañcarakṣā"
  },
  {
   "label": "Author(s) of the Record",
   "value": "Daniele Cuneo, CUDL PID Workflow"
  },
  {
   "label": "Material",
   "value": "Nepalese multi-layered black paper. <p> Folio height: 8.5 cm, width: 29.5 cm. <\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Layout",
   "value": "Written area height: 4.5 cm, width: 25.5 cm. The written area is smaller than that demarcated by the frame. <p>6 lines per page, approximately 60 <i>akṣara<\/i>s per line.<\/p> Akṣara height: 6 mm. Interlinear space height: 1 mm. Two string holes approximately in the middle of square blank spaces. String hole spaces height: 1.8 cm, width: 1.8 cm, depth: 9.5 cm. <p>Double marginal frame lines, or two pairs thereof, in golden ink. The dark-blue writing frame is framed by a marginal area in light blue.<\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Date of Acquisition",
   "value": "14 December 1957 (University Library stamp)."
  },
  {
   "label": "Foliation",
   "value": "<p>1. Original: Rañjanā numerals, mid-right margin, verso (folio number 13 is wrongly foliated as 4. Many numerals are damaged and illegible).<\/p><p>2. Modern: Arabic numerals, top right corner, verso.<\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Bibliography",
   "value": "<p><b>Descriptions of the manuscript<\/b><\/p><div style='list-style-type: disc;'><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Handlist_1900\"><i>List of Oriental MSS. Class Catalogue of Oriental MSS. [unpublished manuscript]<\/i> (Cambridge: 1900\u2013).<\/div><\/div><br /><p><b>Manuscripts<\/b><\/p><div style='list-style-type: disc;'><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Cambridge, Cambridge University Library: <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01164-00001/1'>MS Add.1164.1<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01325/1'>MS Add.1325<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01395/1'>MS Add.1395<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01460/1'>MS Add.1460<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01475-00001/1'>MS Add.1475.1<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01476-00001/1'>MS Add.1476.1<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01550/1'>MS Add.1550<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01644/1'>MS Add.1644<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01647/1'>MS Add.1647<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01656/1'>MS Add.1656<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01662/1'>MS Add.1662<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01688/1'>MS Add.1688<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01701-00001/1'>MS Add.1701.1<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-02196-00001/1'>MS Add.2196.1<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-OR-00130/1'>MS Or.130<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-OR-00752-00002/1'>MS Or.752.2<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-OR-01811/1'>MS Or.1811<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-OR-01812-00001/1'>MS Or.1812.1<\/a>, <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-OR-02258/1'>MS Or.2258<\/a>. <\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Oxford, Bodleian Library: MS No. 1448, Sansk.a. 8 (R). <\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>London, British Library: MS No. Or.3346. <\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Kolkata, Asiatic Society of Bengal: MS No. 4078. <\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>NGMCP: <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://catalogue.ngmcp.uni-hamburg.de/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&search=pancaraksa+catalogued&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&redirs=1&profile=advanced'>27 catalogued mss<\/a>. <\/div><\/div><br /><p><b>Edition(s)<\/b><\/p><div style='list-style-type: disc;'><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Iwamoto1937a\">Iwamoto, Yutaka, <i>Mahasahasrapramardani<\/i> (Kyoto: Iwamoto Yutaka, 1937).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Iwamoto1937b\">Iwamoto, Yutaka, <i>Kleinere Dhāṛaṇī Texte. Mahāśītavatī<\/i>, Beitraege zur Indologie (1937).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Iwamoto1938\">Iwamoto, Yutaka, <i>Mahapratisara<\/i> (Kyoto: Shobundo Shoten, 1938).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Takubo1972\">Takubo, Shuyo, <i>Arya-maha-Mayuri Vidya-Rajñi<\/i> (Tokyo: Sankibo, 1972).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Chandra1981b\">Chandra, Lokesh, <i>Pañca-Rakṣā, Two Sanskrit Manuscripts from Nepal<\/i> (New Delhi: 1981).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Śāsanī1999\">Śāsanī, Thinley R, \"Āryamahāpratisarāvidyārājñīdhāraṇī. Āryapratisarākalpadhāraṇī\", <i>Dhīḥ<\/i> vol. 28 pp. 127-142 (1999).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Śākya2004\">Śākya, Min Bahadur, <i>Pañcarakṣā Sūtra<\/i> (Lalitpur: 2004).<\/div><\/div><br /><p><b>Secondary literature<\/b><\/p><div style='list-style-type: disc;'><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Aalto1954\">Aalto, Pentti, \"Prolegomena to an Edition of the Pañcarakṣā\", <i>Studia Orientalia Fennica<\/i> vol. 19 pp. 5-48 (unpublished).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Bhattacharyya1972\">Bhattacharyya, Dipak C, \"The Five Protective Goddesses of Buddhism\", in Pratapaditya Pal (ed.), <i>Aspects of Indian Art<\/i> (Leiden: 1972) pp. 85-92.<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Davidson2009\">Davidson, Ronald, \"Studies in Dhāraṇī Literature I: Revisiting the Meaning of the Term Dhāraṇī\", <i>Journal of Indian Philosophy<\/i> vol. 37 issue. 2 pp. 97-147 (2009) <a target='_blank' class='externalLink' href='http://www.springerlink.com/content/h0245040774k3513/abstract/'>http://www.springerlink.com/content/h0245040774k3513/abstract/<\/a> Accessed: 2012-03-22 12:44:55.<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Hidas2003\">Hidas, Gergely, \"Preliminary Notes on the Mahāpratisarā Mahāvidyārājñī, A Buddhist Protective Text from the Pañcarakṣā-collection\", <i>Berliner Indologische Studien<\/i> vol. 15-17 pp. 263-284 (2003).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Hidas2007\">Hidas, Gergely, \"Remarks on the Use of the Dhāraṇis and Mantras of the Mahāpratisarā-Mahāvidyārājñī\", in Csaba Dezső (ed.), <i>Indian Languages and Texts through the Ages. Essays of Hungarian Indologists in Honour of Prof. Csaba Töttössy<\/i> (Delhi: 2007) pp. 185-207.<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Hidas2010\">Hidas, Gergely, \"Mahāpratisarāvidyāvidhi, The Spell-manual of the Great Amulet\", <i>Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae<\/i> vol. 63 pp. 473-484 (2010).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Hidas2012\">Hidas, Gergely, <i>Mahāpratisarā-Mahāvidyārājñi = the Great Amulet, Great Queen of Spells: Introduction, Critical Editions and Annotated Translation<\/i>, Śata-piṭaka series: Indo-Asian literatures vol. v. 636 (New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan, 2012).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Mȯnkhsaĭkhan2005\"><i>Pan̆caraksȧ: A Mongolian Translation from 1345<\/i> contributor: S. Mȯnkhsaĭkhan, Treasures of Mongolian culture and Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism vol. v. 3 ([Ulaanbaatar]-Budapest: State Central Library of Mongolia; Research Group for Altaic Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2005).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Sen1965\">Sen, Sukumar, \"On Dhāraṇī and Pratisarā\", in Matsunaga Yukei (ed.), <i>Studies of Esoteric Buddhism and Tantrism<\/i> (Koyasan: 1965) pp. 67-72.<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Thapa1998\">Thapa, Shanker, \"Depiction of Stories and Thematic Elaboration in the Āryamahāpratisarā Sūtra\", in <i>Light of Wisdom<\/i> (Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 1998) pp. 1-10.<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Waddell1912\">Waddell, L. A, \"The \"dharani\" cult in Buddhism; its origin, deified literature and images.\", <i>Ostasiatische Zeitschrift<\/i> vol. 1 pp. 155-195 (1912).<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;' id=\"Waddell1914\">Waddell, L. A, \"\"Dhârani,\" or, Indian Buddhist protective spells\", <i>Indian Antiquary<\/i> vol. 43 pp. 37-95 (1914).<\/div><\/div><br />"
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 "description": "<p style='text-align: justify;'> The <i>Pañcarakṣā<\/i> \"Five Protections\" consists of the <i>Mahāpratisarā<\/i>, <i>Mahāmāyūrī<\/i>, <i>Mahāsāhasrapramardanī<\/i>, <i>Mahāmantrānusāriṇī<\/i>, and <i>Mahāśītavatī<\/i>. The earliest evidence for texts grouped together as the \"Five Great Dhāraṇīs\" comes from Tibetan catalogues around 800 CE, but this compendium is somewhat different from the surviving Sanskrit collection, which is preserved in manuscripts dating back to the eleventh century. These scriptures include spells, enumerations of benefits and ritual instructions for use. With the course of time all of them became deified and five related goddesses emerged. It is, however, important to note that the texts themselves do not have any references to these goddesses. This manuscript in black paper (<i>nīlapatra<\/i>), to be dated to the 17th or 18th century, bears illuminated wood covers with representations of the five goddesses and the five Buddhas. <\/p>",
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